A London game is more than just a typical road trip for NFL teams.

As a young Women's Royal Naval Service officer in World War II, Christian Lamb tried to make sure British troops were in exactly the right place when they scrambled onto Normandy's beaches under enemy fire.

A portrait of Winston Churchill by an artist whose work the British leader loathed is going up for auction.

Four men have been charged over the theft of an 18-carat gold toilet from Blenheim Palace, the sprawling English mansion where British wartime leader Winston Churchill was born.

Camp David is where U.S. presidents go to relax and escape Washington's prying eyes.

A president's State of the Union address has a predictable formula.

At a time of grave consequence, a wartime leader crosses the Atlantic to arrive at a White House decked in holiday decor to consult with the American president about a war in Europe.

Top House and Senate leaders have bestowed Congress' highest honor on law enforcement officers who defended the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021.

Once a boxing champion, Kyiv's mayor is up against a challenge bigger than any he faced in the ring: keeping Ukraine’s capital functioning during a war.

Broncos quarterback Russell Wilson has proclaimed himself “ready to roll” despite a lingering hamstring injury ahead of Denver’s game against the Jacksonville Jaguars at Wembley Stadium.

A collection of wartime speeches by Volodymyr Zelenskyy, with an introduction by the Ukrainian president, will be published Dec. 6.

Quarterback Russell Wilson was back on the practice field throwing passes Tuesday just four days after flying to Los Angeles to get an injection to ease the discomfort in his ailing throwing shoulder.

The NFL Network reports that Denver Broncos quarterback Russell Wilson flew to Los Angeles on Friday to get an injection for his ailing throwing shoulder.

Britain and the world said farewell to Queen Elizabeth II with pomp and pageantry.

When Queen Elizabeth II’s grandfather King George V died in 1936 life in Britain is unrecognizable to people today.

The long good-bye for Queen Elizabeth II is a reminder of a broader truth playing out with little fanfare across Britain: The nation is bidding farewell to the men and women who fought the country’s battles during World War II.

President Joe Biden heads to the United Kingdom to pay his respects to Queen Elizabeth II at a time of transition in US-UK relations, as both a new monarch and a new prime minister are settling in.

Hundreds of thousands of people are expected to flock to London’s medieval Westminster Hall from Wednesday to pay their respects to Queen Elizabeth II, whose coffin will lie in state for four days until her funeral on Monday.

King Charles III says he feels “profound sorrow” over the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, and vows to carry on her “lifelong service” to the nation.

Buckingham Palace says Queen Elizabeth II, Britain’s longest-reigning monarch, has died at 96.

Queen Elizabeth II, Britain’s longest-reigning monarch, has died at age 96.

The moving vans have already started arriving at Downing Street, as Britain’s Conservative Party prepares to evict Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

Two people are running to be Britain’s next prime minister, but a third presence looms over the contest: Margaret Thatcher.

Boris Johnson wanted to be like his hero Winston Churchill: a larger-than-life character who led Britain through a time of crisis.

The eastern Ukrainian city of Slovyansk was occupied by pro-Russian separatists for months in 2014.

U.S. intelligence agencies have begun a review of how they judge the will and ability of foreign governments to fight.

Former President George W.

The U.S. House has given final passage to legislation that would streamline a World War II-era military lend-lease program to help Ukraine fight the Russian invasion.

The life insurance policy on the man who assassinated President John F.

British author Jack Higgins, who wrote “The Eagle Has Landed” and other bestselling thrillers and espionage novels, has died.

Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy will address the U.S. Congress — the next stop as the actor-turned-wartime leader uses the Western world’s great legislative bodies as a global stage to help his country.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has summoned the memory of Pearl Harbor and the Sept. 11 terror attacks in an impassioned plea to Congress to send more help for Ukraine’s fight against Russia.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has evoked wartime British leader Winston Churchill in a speech to Britain's Parliament.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has drawn praise as a wartime communicator in the days since Russia invaded his country.

The Black men who drove horse-drawn carriages through the streets of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia were both everywhere and invisible during the Jim Crow era.

Elton John has formally received one of the highest awards that can be bestowed by Queen Elizabeth II.

The revelation that a documentary filmmaker used voice-cloning software to make the late chef Anthony Bourdain say words he never spoke has drawn criticism amid concerns about use of the powerful technology.

Leaders of some of the world’s richest nations will be meeting at the English seaside for a three-day Group of Seven summit in a world that has changed hugely since their last gathering two years ago.

President Joe Biden and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson used their first meeting Thursday to highlight a commitment to strengthening their nations’ historic ties while setting aside, at least publicly, their differences both political and personal.

The Twitter account of Britain’s royal family has featured a tribute Queen Elizabeth II gave to Prince Philip for the couple’s 50th wedding anniversary.

Hundreds of people marched Saturday through central London and other cities across England and Wales to protest the British government's plan to hand new powers to the police to tackle demonstrations.

The rainbow flag is flying proudly above the Bank of England in the heart of Londons financial district to commemorate legendary World War II codebreaker Alan Turing, the new face of Britains 50-pound note. The design of the bank note was unveiled before it is being formally issued to the public on June 23, Turing's birthday. The 50-pound note is the most valuable denomination in circulation but is little used during everyday transactions, especially during the coronavirus pandemic as digital payments increasingly replaced the use of cash. AdAmong his many accomplishments, Turing is most famous for the pivotal role he played in breaking Nazi Germany's Enigma code during World War II. During World War II, Turing worked at the secret Bletchley Park code-breaking center, where he helped crack Enigma by creating the “Turing bombe,” a forerunner of modern computers.

Jacksons socially conscious album Rhythm Nation 1814, Armstrongs jazzy When the Saints Go Marching In and Nas debut release Illmatic are among 25 recordings being inducted to the National Recording Registry. (AP Photo)LOS ANGELES – Janet Jackson’s socially conscious album “Rhythm Nation 1814,” Louis Armstrong’s jazzy “When the Saints Go Marching In” and Nas’ debut release “Illmatic” are among 25 recordings being inducted to the National Recording Registry. The Library of Congress announced Wednesday that Labelle’s song “Lady Marmalade” and Kool & the Gang’s “Celebration” are some of the titles tapped for preservation this year. “The National Recording Registry will preserve our history through these vibrant recordings of music and voices that have reflected our humanity and shaped our culture from the past 143 years,” Hayden said in a statement. The library selects titles for preservation because of their cultural and historic importance to the American soundscape.

The Moroccan landscape painted by Winston Churchill and owned by Angelina Jolie sold at auction on Monday March 1, 2021, for more than $11.5 million, smashing the previous record for a work by Britains World War II leader. (AP Photo/Frank Augstein, File)LONDON – A Moroccan landscape painted by Winston Churchill and owned by Angelina Jolie sold at auction on Monday for more than $11.5 million, smashing the previous record for a work by Britain’s World War II leader. The pre-sale estimate was 1.5 million pounds to 2.5 million pounds, and the previous record price for a Churchill painting was just under 1.8 million pounds. Churchill gave the painting to Roosevelt as a memento of the trip. The painting was sold by the Jolie Family Collection.

FILE - In this July 1981 file photo released by The White House, U.S. President Ronald Reagan, left, and Vice President George Bush go horseback riding at Camp David, Md. He capped it off by beating one of his granddaughters at Mario Kart during his first presidential visit to Camp David, the historic retreat for U.S. leaders. That’s what Camp David has traditionally offered presidents: a respite from Washington where they can shed their ties and relax with family. Bill Clinton tried to replicate that diplomatic alchemy when he invited Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat to Camp David for Mideast peace talks in 2000. He said when foreign leaders descend on Camp David, it can be like an “adult sleepover.”“Going to camp in the cabins creates an atmosphere where leaders are very close together.

Cambodia on Sunday received its first shipment of COVID-19 vaccine, a donation of 600,000 doses from China, the country's biggest ally. (AP Photo/Heng Sinith)BEIJING — China appears to have stamped out its latest coronavirus outbreaks centered on the northeast, reporting no new cases of local infection in its latest daily report. ___TEHRAN, Iran — Iran has unveiled its second homemade coronavirus vaccine and says it has begun human trials, state TV reported Sunday. ___JAKARTA, Indonesia — Indonesia’s Food and Drug Authority has announced an emergency use authorization to give the COVID-19 vaccine produced by China’s Sinovac Biotech Ltd. to people over 60. ___KABUL, Afghanistan — Some 500,000 doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine arrived Sunday in Afghanistan from the government in India.

(AP Photo/Kirsty Wigglesworth)LONDON – A painting by Winston Churchill that is a piece of both political and Hollywood history is coming up for auction. He painted it after the January 1943 Casablanca Conference, where Churchill and Roosevelt planned the defeat of Nazi Germany. He said Churchill captured the view in the “wonderful, evocative painting” and gave it to Roosevelt as a memento of the trip. AdThe painting is being sold by the Jolie Family Collection as part of Christie’s March 1 modern British art auction in London. “The record price at auction for Churchill is about 1.8 million (pounds) for a painting that, in my view, is not as important as this,” he said.

In this Jan. 25, 2021 photo, Secret Service vehicles parked outside of Blair House in Washington. Blair House, the official government guest house, is serving as a temporary home for Vice President Kamala Harris. AdSo Harris moved into Blair House, where President Harry Truman lived from 1948-1952 during major renovations to the White House. The original Blair House was built in 1824 by Joseph Lovell, the Army surgeon general, and later sold to journalist Francis Preston Blair. The Blair family sold the house to the U.S. government in the early 1940s, and it was turned into the president's official guest house.

The United Kingdom has suffered its worst civilian loss of life since World War II by a significant number. But the United Kingdom has now suffered its worst civilian loss of life since World War II by a significant number. Here's a look at some of Britain's struggles with civilian deaths during World War II and since. In World War II, the threat to Britain was existential. WORLD WAR II CIVILIAN DEATHSFrom September 1940-May 1941, the U.K. suffered an intensive bombing campaign by Germany's Luftwaffe that struck the biggest cities in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

FILE - This Wednesday, Jan. 20, 2021, file photo shows the newly redecorated Oval Office of the White House in Washington. It was an utter surprise Wednesday when he saw Biden at his desk in the Oval Office, with the bust of the late Cesar Chavez right behind the president. It was an utter surprise Wednesday when he saw Biden at his desk in the Oval Office, with the bust of the late Cesar Chavez right behind the president. All presidents tweak the Oval Office decor at the start of their terms to reflect their personal tastes or to telegraph broader messages to the public. The White House maintains a vast collection of furniture, paintings and other artifacts that they can choose from.

But Fincher cast Oldman’s manager, Douglas Urbanski (as Larry Summers in ’The Social Network”), before he called up Oldman about another role. Orson Welles was a genius and if everybody doesn’t know that, I don’t know what to say.”In crafting the portrait of Mankiewicz, Fincher wanted Oldman as himself. Oldman was himself once an alcoholic and, like Mank, prone to audacious gambles. Back when he was drinking, Oldman chose between two simultaneous offers — “Waterworld” and “The Scarlet Letter” — with a coin flip. In a court filing in 2001, Fiorentino alleged that Oldman hit her with a telephone, an allegation that Oldman strongly denies.

(Yui Mok/Pool Photo via AP)LONDON – It’s been dubbed “V-Day” in Britain -- recalling the D-Day landings in France that marked the start of the final push in World War II to defeat Nazi Germany. In other words, the National Health Service is saying to the waiting public, in effect: Don't call us, we'll call you. Most people will have to wait until next year before there is enough vaccine on hand to expand the program. “I don’t think people should expect anything over the next few days because the reality is … that for the vast, vast, vast majority of people this will be done in January, February, March,″ said Chris Hopson, chief executive of NHS Providers. The first shipments of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine were delivered to a selected group of U.K. hospitals on Sunday.

HOUSTON – Thomas M. Reavley, the oldest active federal judge who served for 41 years on the 5th U.S. Reavley died on Tuesday in Houston, the Texas Supreme Court announced. He had served nine years on the Texas Supreme Court, the state’s top civil court, before being appointed to the appeals court by President Jimmy Carter in 1979. “He was a towering figure in Texas and a true champion of justice for the state and the country,” said Texas Supreme Court Chief Justice Nathan L. Hecht. He married King in 2004 and the couple had said that before Florence Reavley died, she told them to get remarried.

LONDON – Britain’s culture minister thinks the Netflix TV series “The Crown” should come with a disclaimer: It’s a work of fiction. “It’s a beautifully produced work of fiction. So as with other TV productions, Netflix should be very clear at the beginning it is just that,” Dowden told the Mail on Sunday newspaper. “Mixing historical fact and fiction has been around since Shakespeare. “Nobody’s bothered if fact and fiction are all mangled up, so long as it’s saying nice things,” he added.

A server carries food for a customer at Ye Olde King's Head on Thursday, Nov. 19, 2020, in Santa Monica, Calif. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)SANTA MONICA, Calif. – By most measures of what keeps a pub afloat, the coronavirus pandemic should already have Ye Olde King's Head on its last kegs. “It’s not worth thinking about," said operations manager Lisa Powers, who has guided the 46-year-old institution through an ever-changing set of public health orders. The latest surge comes as public health officials across the U.S. raise the alarm about out-of-control transmission of the virus, strengthen restrictions and urge people against holding large Thanksgiving gatherings. The King's Head had to offer its traditional British fare — everything from bangers and mash and fish and chips to traditional Sunday roast — for takeout.

All of this an effort to discredit the outcome and, in the process, put democracy itself on trial. Trump is using not just his sway over the party but also the levers of government to keep Biden at bay at least for a while longer. In 2016, Trump won Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania by a combined 77,000 votes; Democrat Hillary Clinton called him on election night and publicly conceded the next day. Her advantage in the popular vote of nearly 3 million has animated the grievances of her supporters to this day, but the Electoral College arithmetic was inexorable and not to be challenged. Obama then welcomed Trump to the White House in a display to the world of the rituals of an American democratic transition.

FILE - In this Nov. 4, 1992, file photo, President George H.W. Bill Clinton won the 1992 president election. Most concessions are gracious — less about the loser and more about closure for the country. “Just moments ago I spoke with George W. Bush and congratulated him on becoming the 43rd president of the United States. President John Adams was glum, too.

FILE - This Jan. 23, 2015 file photo shows Winston Churchill's family home at Chartwell, England, which is cared for by the National Trust. Britains National Trust which looks after hundreds of the countrys well-loved historic sites, published a report Tuesday Sept. 22, 2020, said 93 of its sites have connections with aspects of the global slave trade or Britains colonial history. (Gareth Fuller/PA via AP, File)LONDON – Britain’s National Trust, which looks after hundreds of the country’s well-loved historic sites, has detailed how dozens of its properties have links to slavery and colonialism. Some of the places were “partly or largely funded by the proceeds of slavery,” the trust said. The National Trust report also listed colonial writer Rudyard Kipling’s home in Sussex, southern England, and Chartwell, the family home of former Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

Unleashing 90-plus minutes of grievances and attacks, Trump claimed the state’s Democratic governor tried to block him and repeated his false claim that mail-in ballots would taint the election result. Several thousand people covered the tarmac in Minden, including Tom Lenz, 64, of Sparks, Nevada, who said he didn’t vote for Trump last time. But Trump’s campaign has invested heavily in the state, relying on its ground game to turn out voters. If Arizona slips away, Trump campaign officials privately acknowledge that it would complicate his path to 270 electoral votes. The Republican National Committee said it expected to raise $18 million, which would be shared by Trump’s campaign, the committee and several state GOP committees.

(AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, File)WASHINGTON – “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” — President Franklin D. Roosevelt. ___In times of crisis — wars, hurricanes, pandemics — effective leaders strike a balance between inspirational rhetoric and leveling with the public about the tough times ahead. “In Trump’s case, he was saying it was not a dire situation, he was putting people off their guard,” Beschloss added. She cited public skepticism even after schools, sports, entertainment and other industries shut down to keep the virus at bay. Still, “you want people to be informed and to make decisions that are for individual safety and for public safety.

A white U.S. Police officer in Minneapolis, recently killed black man George Floyd, sparking anti-racism protests worldwide, and the Black Lives Matter movement hoping to enable reforms and greater social justice. (Ben Birchall/PA via AP)LONDON Anti-racism demonstrators are holding a fourth weekend of protests across the U.K., despite a ban on large gatherings because of the coronavirus pandemic. Hundreds assembled for a socially distanced Say No to Racism rally in Glasgows George Square, where earlier this week members of the far right attacked a refugee-rights gathering. Hundreds of thousands of people have held mostly peaceful anti-racism protests across Britain since the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis on May 25, urging the U.K. to confront its own history of imperialism and racial inequality. Hundreds of far-right activists clashed June 13 with police near the Churchill statue in London, which had been boarded up for protection.

(AP Photo/Brynn Anderson)Protests initially ignited by the May 25 death of George Floyd at the hands of Minneapolis police continued over the weekend, as anti-racism protesters in the United States sought to call attention to the deaths of two more black men and Black Lives Matter demonstrations unfolded in London and Paris. The protesters marched from where the body was found to a sheriffs station, with many carrying signs that said Justice for Robert Fuller.Authorities said the death appeared to be a suicide, but an autopsy was planned. European protesters sought to show solidarity with their American counterparts and to confront bias in their own countries on Saturday. A Black Lives Matter group in London called off a demonstration, saying the presence of counter-protesters would make it unsafe. A rally in Paris drew 15,000, led by supporters of Adama Traore, a French black man who died in police custody in 2016.

But leaders of traditional allies of the United States have taken pains to avoid criticizing Trump directly. But at the top, the leaders of traditional allies of the United States have taken pains to avoid criticizing Trump directly, walking a fine line to reconcile international diplomacy with domestic outrage. German Chancellor Angela Merkel sidestepped questions from ZDF public television about Trump last week, saying the killing of Floyd was "really, really terrible. Trump, he has, amongst many other things, he is president of the United States, which is our most important ally in the world today, Johnson said. I share and stand in solidarity with the demonstrations that are taking place in the United States, he said.

British police officers, left, scuffle with members of far-right groups protesting against a Black Lives Matter demonstration, in central London, Saturday, June 13, 2020. British police have imposed strict restrictions on groups planning to protest in London Saturday in a bid to avoid violent clashes between protesters from the Black Lives Matter movement, as well as far-right groups. (AP Photo/Kirsty Wigglesworth)LONDON Hundreds of far-right activists gathered to demonstrate in central London's Parliament Square Saturday, despite strict police restrictions and warnings to stay home to contain the coronavirus. Officials put protective panels around the monuments amid fears that far-right activists would seek confrontations with anti-racism protesters under the guise of protecting statues. In London, Churchills statue was daubed with the words was a racist.Police have imposed strict restrictions on Saturdays protests in a bid to avoid violent clashes.

Tensions were high in cities around the globe, nearly three weeks after George Floyd, a black man, died after a white Minneapolis police officer pressed a knee to his neck. A Black Lives Matter group in London called off a demonstration, saying the presence of counter-protesters would make it unsafe. Officials feared far-right activists would seek confrontations with anti-racism protesters under the guise of protecting statues. The march was led by supporters of Adama Traore, a French black man who died in police custody in 2016. A petition with 5,000 signatures said the statue represents a black man beneath someone else.Hundreds rallied in Prague for the second straight weekend in support of protests in the U.S.

In London, far-right activists and soccer rowdies scuffled with police while trying to guard historical monuments that have been targeted recently by anti-racism protesters for their links to slavery and British colonialism. Let us breathe.The Paris march in Paris was led by supporters of Adama Traore, a French black man who died in police custody in 2016 in circumstances that remain unclear despite four years of back-and-forth autopsies. Officers prevented people attending the main rally from approaching the counter-demonstrators, but didn't detain the far-right activists until two hours later, further angering the crowd below. Some protesters still gathered at Hyde Park to denounce racism while hundreds of far-right activists demonstrated, despite strict police restrictions and warnings to stay home to contain the coronavirus. Officials put protective panels around the monuments amid fears that far-right activists would seek confrontations with anti-racism protesters under the guise of protecting statues.

Scaffolders erect boarding around the statue of Sir Winston Churchill at Parliament Square, in London, Thursday, June 11, 2020, following Black Lives Matter protests that took place across the U.K. over the weekend. The protests were ignited by the death of George Floyd, who died after he was restrained by Minneapolis police while in custody on May 25. (Kirsty O'Connor/PA via AP)LONDON Authorities in London boarded up a war memorial and a statue of wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill ahead of expected rival demonstrations by anti-racism and far-right protesters, as the citys mayor on Friday urged protesters to stay home because of the coronavirus pandemic. Several other statues have been defaced during mass protests around the country, including Churchills, which was daubed with the words was a racist. Police now fear far-right groups plan to seek confrontation under the guise of protecting statues. With more demonstrations expected on the weekend, a protective plywood screen was erected late Thursday around Churchills statue outside Parliament.

FILE - In this June 1, 2020 file photo, President Donald Trump departs the White House to visit outside St. John's Church, in Washington. Walking behind Trump from left are, Attorney General William Barr, Secretary of Defense Mark Esper and Gen. Mark Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (AP Photo/Patrick Semansky)WASHINGTON Army Gen. Mark Milley, the nation's top military officer, said Thursday he was wrong to have accompanied President Donald Trump on a walk to a church through Lafayette Square, where he was photographed in his combat uniform with the presidential entourage. Trump has not commented publicly on those moves, which do not require White House or congressional approval. And I am not immune," he said, noting the photograph of him at Lafayette Square.

The statue has been pulled out of the harbor where protesters dumped it and will be placed in a museum. His statue was removed from the University of Cape Town in South Africa in 2015 after students led a Rhodes Must Fall campaign. Campaigners want his statue removed from atop its column in Edinburghs St. Andrew Square. French President Emmanuel Macron condemned the statues removal, tweeting last month that Schoelcher has made France great by abolishing slavery. In Madrid, a central square named for him features a prominent Columbus statue surrounded by traffic.

(AP Photo/Kirsty Wigglesworth)LONDON More statues of imperialist figures could be removed from Britains streets, following the unauthorized felling of a monument to slave trader Edward Colston in the city of Bristol, the mayor of London said Tuesday. Mayor Sadiq Khan said he was setting up a commission to ensure the citys monuments reflected its diversity. Debate over who should be publicly commemorated has been reignited in Britain by the felling of a monument to Colston, a 17th-century slave trader and philanthropist. Many Bristolians welcomed the statues removal, but the British government called it an act of vandalism and urged police to prosecute the perpetrators. At weekend protests in London, demonstrators scrawled was a racist on a statue of Winston Churchill.

He summoned her, after all to be his fourth White House press secretary and to his side on last week at the steps of St. Johns Church after the military forcefully cleared away peaceful protesters. But Trump did not speak of spirituality or the health and racial crises wracking the country he leads. The separation between White House press secretary and campaign spokesperson is traditionally rooted in the idea that taxpayers should not pay the salary of a political advocate. She and communications director Alyssa Farah were brought in by new chief of staff Mark Meadows, who wanted to bolster the press shop after it flagged under press secretary Stephanie Grisham. That means not just pushing the White House perspective, but also at times criticizing news coverage and individual reporters.

In the English port city that once launched slave ships, an empty plinth has become the epicenter of a debate about racism, history and memory. For over a century the pedestal held the statue of Edward Colston, a 17th-century slave trader whose wealth helped Bristol grow. Bristol went on to become Britains biggest port for slave ships during the early 18th century. Modern-day Bristol has Colstons almshouses, several Colston schools, Colston Avenue, Colston Tower and the Colston Hall concert venue. Some residents of the city feel that toppling the statue amounts to airbrushing the past.

Like Churchill, we saw him inspecting the bombing damage and it sent a powerful message of leadership to the British people," she said. For this president, it was powerful and important to send a message that the rioters, the looters, the anarchists, they will not prevail, McEnany said. Erik Larson, author of The Splendid and the Vile: A Saga of Churchill, Family, and Defiance During the Blitz, said he was disgusted by McEnanys comparison. Religious leaders, including Episcopal Bishop Mariann Edgar Budde, have fiercely criticized Trump over the tactics used against demonstrators. And its only the other side that didnt like it.Trump has praised the leadership of Churchill before.