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Chemical leak: What is anhydrous ammonia and why is it harmful?

99 Cent Distribution Center (KPRC 2 Rilwan Balogun)

HARRIS COUNTY – Hazmat crews in west Harris County worked to contain a reported chemical leak at a 99 Cent Distribution Center Sunday morning.

Officials with Harris County Fire Marshal’s Office said the chemical that was leaked is called anhydrous ammonia.

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A shelter-in-place was issued for certain areas near the 99 Cent Distribution Center. Residents were urged to stay put and limit exposure to outdoor air.

READ: Shelter-in-place issued for certain areas of west Harris County after chemical leak detected inside warehouse, officials say

What is anhydrous ammonia?

Anhydrous ammonia, or NH3, is a clear, colorless gas. It is also a liquid if stored under pressure, according to the CDC. It’s a toxic gas or liquid that is corrosive if concentrated.

Normally, the chemical is used in agriculture as a fertilizer, as well as refrigeration in retail grocery stores, and manufacturing.

This type of ammonia is much less concentrated than the common household ammonia. It rarely causes burns but it does cause irritation.

Why is it dangerous?

Anhydrous means “without water,” meaning it aggressively seeks out moisture such as soil, or your eyes, skin, and/or lungs. The chemical can also be dangerous if not handled properly.

What should I do if I’m exposed to this chemical?

According to Dr. Erika Brown with Harris County Public Health Department, if you experience any of the following symptoms, seek emergency care immediately:

  • Watery, burning eyes,
  • Irritation of the nose and throat
  • Headaches
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dehydration
  • Caustic burns
  • Frostbite

The Harris County Public Health Department urges the community to use the “Ask My Nurse” Helpline for those who do not have a healthcare provider or to answer basic health questions by calling 713-634-1110.

For complaints related to the chemical leak, residents can call the Harris County Pollution Control Services Department at 713-920-2831.


About the Author

A graduate of the University of Houston-Downtown, Ana moved to H-Town from sunny southern California in 2015. In 2020, she joined the KPRC 2 digital team as an intern. Ana is a self-proclaimed coffee connoisseur, a catmom of 3, and an aquarium enthusiast. In her spare time, she's an avid video gamer and loves to travel.

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